Este espectacular vídeo comienza con una vista general de la Vía láctea y después realiza un espectacular zoom hacia el centro de la nuestra galaxia, esta composición se ha realizado con el telescopio espacial Hubble de la NASA / ESA.
Créditos: NASA/ESA, también tenéis el vídeo en ultra HD (4k)
En una noche muy oscura podemos ver la zona más densa de la galaxia como una tenue nebulosidad que cruza el cielo, siempre que la veamos desde lugares muy oscuros y alejados de la contaminación lumínica.
Imagen de la zona más densa de la Vía Láctea y las constelaciones en las que se puede ver.
Galileo fue el primero que observó la vía láctea con el telescopio, dándose cuenta de que está constituida por un elevado número de estrellas difícilmente apreciables a simple vista. Wilhem Herschel, en el siglo XVIII realizó el primer MAPA GALÁCTICO basado en recuentos estelares. Llegó a la conclusión (errónea) de que el Sol se encuentra en el centro de la Galaxia.
Hasta principios del siglo XX, se pensaba que nuestra Galaxia era el Universo. Estudios de luminosidad realizados por el astrofísico Edwin Hubble demostraron que existen estructuras muy lejanas, exteriores a la vía láctea, la llamada en la época “nebulosa de Andrómeda” no era más que otra galaxia a 2.4 millones de años luz. Por tanto descubrimos que nuestra galaxia era una más de las otras miles de millones de nuestro Universo.
Nuestra Galaxia consta de tres partes principales:
- BULBO CENTRAL. Alberga el núcleo galáctico. Formado por estrellas amarillentas. Además hay una fuente intensa de radio: Sagitt A* en el centro de la Galaxia, se cree que es un agujero negro muy grande.
- DISCO. Diámetro ~ (100.000 años luz). Estrellas jóvenes, ricas en metales. Cúmulos abiertos y nubes de polvo y gas interestelar. Movimiento materia muy ordenado: órbitas casi coplanarias y muy poco excéntricas.
- HALO. Esférico. Abundan los cúmulos globulares. Estrellas viejas y pobres en metales. Estructuras muy antiguas (hasta entre 11 y 13 mil mill. años).
En la Vía Láctea las estrellas se clasifican según su riqueza en metales en dos grandes grupos. Las que tienen una cierta abundancia se denominan de la población I, mientras que las estrellas pobres en metales forman parte de la población II. Normalmente la metalicidad va directamente relacionada con la edad de la estrella. A más elementos pesados más vieja es la estrella.
Nuestro Sol se halla en el borde interno de un brazo espiral de la Vía Láctea llamado “brazo de Orión”. El Sol, que arrastra con su gravedad al Sistema Solar, órbita entorno al centro galáctico con un periodo de 240 millones de años. Por tanto estamos realizando un viaje interestelar tremendo, y no nos damos cuenta…, es todo un verdadero turismo espacial desde nuestra nave la Tierra.
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